Frankenstein - Ideologies of Fire as Knowledge and Creation

Frankenstein is a diverse novel that confronts the reader with many different ideas and themes. Critics have described the text in many different, depending on their reading of the book. These include as a political allegory, an observation of human accountability, feminism, social prejudices and alienation, and even a narrative of the nature of human life itself. Some of these themes may be in part due to the influence of Shelleys parents: Mary Wollstonecraft and William Godwin, both very influential and radical political activists in their time. Around the period of its publication, new science was breaking down the barriers of old and the work and findings of scientists were challenging the steadfast ideas of religion and as such†¦show more content†¦As Betty Bennett says, Frankenstein `subsumes and conflates the two central myths about knowledge in the Graeco-Roman and Judaeo-Christian traditions: those of Prometheus and of Adam, Eve and Satan.` There are many differing stories relating to this myth, and so an accurate relation of it is difficult. However, a generalised version is the result of a combination of the roman and Greek mythologies. The Romans believed Prometheus to be the creator of man, making him from clay and water; the Greeks say he stole fire from Zeus to give to man and was severely punished for it. Over time, the two have been linked and now form the account that having thus created man, Prometheus felt an obligation to protect him. He provided man with gifts that would aid survival and make the race superior to the other beasts on earth. The ultimate gift was that of Zeus fire (Zeus represents the sun). This gave man a means not only to create weaponry, but also a source of light, and by association, knowledge. This superior knowledge was seen to bring man closer to the level of the gods, no longer worshiping them for a gift they can now generate on their own. For this act of defiance, Prometheus was severely punished, sentenced to an eternity chained to a rock where an eagle would rip him open and eat his liver, which would every night regenerate for the next days torture. Unlike the fallen god, Viktor does not care for his creation or feel any compassion, pity orShow MoreRelatedMary Shelley s Frankenstein 1646 Words   |  7 PagesMary Shelley’s Frankenstein is a mishmash of stories within stories within a story, and several other texts are referenced within this amalgamation of literature. The intertextual links made in Frankenstein help to provide the reader with a greater insight into the mind of Mary Shelley and her most famous work. References to the text Paradise lost and Greek mythology in the development of characters adds depth to a tale of creation and destruction, causing the questions Shelley asks about humanityRead MoreFrankenstein Challenging Extreme Romantic and Enlightenment Ideologies2088 Words   |  9 PagesMary Shelley’s Frankenstein like all texts is far from neutral, acting as a site to challenge and/or endorse certain ideologies. Published in the 19th century, it follows the journey of three characters amidst t he influence and conflict of extreme Romantic and Enlightenment ideologies. Mary Shelley experienced much heartbreak, suicide and sorrow with the intense Romantic lifestyle she had chosen to adopt with Percy Shelley and it can be argued that Frankenstein is a critique of radicalism as revealedRead MoreFrankenstein Blade Runnar Essay925 Words   |  4 Pagescompositional milieus, Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein (1818) and Ridley Scott’s film Blade Runner (1982) share ongoing anxieties regarding unrestricted technological growth and social decay. By examining these texts together as social commentaries which are shaped by their Regency and contemporary contexts, we come to a heightened understanding of human nature and its flaws. When considered together with Blade Runner, Shelley’s early 19thC novel Frankenstein reveals ongoing social anxieties regardingRead MoreThe God Facade : A Look Into Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Dangers Of Playing God1209 Words   |  5 PagesThe God Faà §ade: A Look into Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and The Dangers of Playing God. Frankenstein by author Mary Shelley is a Gothic science fiction novel written in Switzerland between 1816–1817, and published January 1, 1818. Set in eighteenth century Geneva, Frankenstein tells the story of a young man named Victor who goes away to college to study natural philosophy, chemistry, and alchemy. When armed with the knowledge he has long been seeking, Victor spends months constructing a creatureRead MoreFrankenstein, by Mary Shelley1078 Words   |  5 PagesMary Shelley’s Frankenstein has undoubtedly withstood the test of time. Frankenstein’s direct association with fundamental Gothic literature is extremely renowned. However, the novel’s originality is derived from the foundational thematic values found within the relationship (or lack there of) between Victor Frankenstein and the monster he had created, in combination with a fascinatingly captivating plot. Understandably, Frankenstein can often be associated with a multitude of concepts; h owever,Read MoreFrankenstein: Science and the Industrial Revolution1212 Words   |  5 PagesFrankenstein: Science and the Industrial Revolution Frankenstein, written by author Mary Shelley, was a romantic based story written in Europe during the eighteen hundreds. During this time period, Europe was experiencing many social and economic changes. Many of these changes were a product of the industrial revolution of Europe. This time period can be defined and era of exploration, discovery and industrialization in which ideas were pushed to the limits. Victor’s creation of Frankenstein isRead MoreA Treatise Of Human Nature1562 Words   |  7 Pagesaffection. Hamlet (1602), Frankenstein (1823) and The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891) are all consumed by the innate passion that Hume defines as ‘morality’, yet pivot around the social conventions of their respective eras, broadly identified as ‘reason’. While Hamlet is embodied by his tendency to reason and rationality, Victor Frankenstein and Dorian Gray’s conformity to the values of their era functions to illuminate the irrationality of thei r actions. Hamlet, Frankenstein and Dorian Gray are allRead MoreThe Is A New Day796 Words   |  4 Pagesthe implementation of the InterFace as the creation of cybernetic organisms. In a context where the definition of humanity is questioned, the impact of digital, cybernetic and biomedical technologies are material artefacts of human endeavour towards the utopian society, reminiscent in Bel Gedde’s New York World Fair proposal , which manifested the imprint of eugenic ideology on culture. It is assumed that to be godlike is to seek mastery over creation, neglectful of the fragility of organics ,Read MoreSymbolism : Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1144 Words   |  5 Pagesironic stance whereby he does live harmed by fire since he realized the damage brought by the burnt books to his communes evidenced by the dependence of Mildred on pills for sleeping. The portrait of the elderly woman has a representation of the decline in the society s moral. The deeper meaning of this traced from Latimers quotation uttered by the victim whereby she speaks nothing harmful. Contrary to these utterances, she says that longing flame of knowledge plus learning can never be put out thusRead MoreEssay Readers Sympathies in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1587 Words   |  7 PagesReaders Sympathies in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Frankenstein a gothic horror, written by Mary Shelley in 1818, can be interpreted as a subtle autobiography; whose narrative reflects on the characters throughout the story. It was written at the time where the Romantic period replaced the age of reason, the time where dreams and ideas replaced logic and science. The two main characters in the story, Victor and the monster are used as metaphors for this. Shelley uses

The Health Problem Of Obesity Essay - 1027 Words

Obesity is perhaps the most concerning health problem our nation faces today. With national obesity rates nearing 38% for adults, we are eating ourselves into an early grave, and we are doing it in massive numbers. (State of Obesity). The National Institute of Health categorizes anyone with a body mass index between 25 and 29 as overweight, and one of 30 or higher as obese. (textbook). Being in this weight category brings along a multiplicity of health issues, both physical and mental. An increased risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, and cancer are just a few of the diseases that are directly linked with obesity. (NIH risks). Additionally, there have been detrimental large scale effects to the US economy. For instance, an increase in healthcare cost can be traced to increased obesity rates throughout the nation. (econ). Although appearing bleak at first glance, there is an increased awareness in America that seeks to eliminate this problem before it spreads further. The 1980à ¢â‚¬â„¢s are often cited as the inception of the modern obesity crisis. According to Livestrong.com, â€Å"researchers point to the increase in fat and sugar intake†¦ that began with the initial goal of reducing malnutrition by providing a low-cost source of calories.† (Livestrong). However, we can see obesity related press as early as the late 1940’s in TIME magazine. They ran articles showing concern that â€Å"Some five million Americans,† were â€Å"medically considered obese,† and â€Å"20 million Americans classed asShow MoreRelatedObesity And Chronic Health Problems With Obesity1660 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the film, there are a number of explanations presented as to why Americans overeat, resulting in an epidemic of obesity and chronic health problems related to weight. According to the film, obesity is the second largest cause of death in the United States (smoking being number one). Many people believe that the fast food corporatio ns are to blame for America’s problems with obesity, primarily for the reason that the lobbyist representing these companies and the corporation allow extreme advertisingRead MoreObesity Is A Major Health Problem1375 Words   |  6 PagesThe obesity is a major health problem in the United States, the obesity means an excess amount of fat of human body due to genetic and environmental factors. The measuring tool of obesity is the body mass index, the obese persona has a body mass index of 30 or more. Also, the waist circumference is another tool used to measure obesity, for obese women the waist circumference of 35 inches or more, and for obese men, the waist circumference is 40 inches or more. The complications of obesity are highRead MoreHealth Problems And Childhood Obesity Essay1438 Words   |  6 PagesCarolina, like the rest of the state, childhood obesity and decreasing physical activity are contributing to multiple health problems. Over the last three decades, these health issues have continued to rise, causing younger and younger children to be diagnosed with serious long-term disorders like Type II diabetes, asthma, sleep apnea, and cardiac disorders such as hypertension. In addition, there is the opportunity for psychological and behavioral problems associated with social discrimination basedRead MoreHealth Problem Of Diabetes And Obesity1182 Words   |  5 PagesPublic Health Problem Diabetes is a deficiency in the body’s ability to metabolize sugar. Insulin is the hormone which typically regulates this process. There are two types of diabetes. The first is type 1. This is caused due to a failure in the insulin producing cells of the pancreas and is diagnosed when a person is young. Type 2 diabetes is the more common diabetes. It can be diagnosed at any time and occurs when blood glucose levels begin to rise higher than normal. This is also called hyperglycemiaRead MoreChildhood Obesity Leading to Adult Obesity and Health Problems1200 Words   |  5 Pages Childhood Obesity is becoming More Significant and leading to More Adult Obesity and Health Problems Introduction: Childhood obesity is an escalating issue in all over the world and particularly in the United States children and adults. This issue has received more attention in last thirty years as the number of flabby and obese children and adults has increased to double in the entire world. According to a report of Centers of Disease Control (2001), the number of obese children and adultsRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Serious Health Problem Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pages Childhood obesity is a serious health problem that is associated with future diseases. Early mortality is also a result of childhood obesity. An obese child is more likely to develop chronic diseases in adulthood (Hood, Emie, 2005).Having obesity can increase the likelihood of Type 2 diabetes, kidney diseases, high cholesterol, cardiovascular diseases, sleep apnea, liver diseases, orthopedics problems, and cancer (Sahoo, Sahoo, Choudhury, Sufi, KumarRead MoreObesity : A Growing G lobal Health Problem1593 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is obesity? It is when someone is so overweight that is a threat to their own health. Today obesity is a growing global health problem among children, teenagers and adults. This is due to over-eating especially when the person is over — eating unhealthy foods and a lack of enough exercise throughout the day. Obesity, is when someone is so overweight that is a threat to their own health. Today obesity is a growing global health problem among children, teenagers and adults. This is due to over-eatingRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Major Health Problem1111 Words   |  5 PagesChildhood obesity is a major health problem in the United States because the number of obese children has increased from adults in past few years. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United Stated, 7 out of 100 children age 6-10 years in 1990 are obese, and it has increased to 18 out of 100 in 2012. For the same pe riod, adult obesity has increased from 5 in 100 to 18 in 100. The definition of being overweight means gained too much weight from fat, musclesRead MoreObesity : A Significant Public Health Problem1502 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Obesity is a significant public health problem. Its prevalence in the United States estimated to be 35.1% in 2011–2012 (6291981) and 33.7 in 2014 (http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A900A?lang=en) It is well known that obesity leads to multiple medical conditions (17036573). Diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease are comorbidities associated with obesity (Must A, Spadano J, Coakley E, et al. The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity. JAMA 2006;295:1549–56Read MoreObesity Is A Growing Global Health Problem1473 Words   |  6 Pages In America the obesity rates has become a debatable topic. Obesity is a growing global health problem. Obesity is typically results from over-eating and not enough exercise. â€Å"In our modern world with increasingly cheap, high calorie food such as fast food or junk food, natural foods that are high in things like salt, sugars or fat, it is no wonder that obesity has rapidly increased in the last few decades, around the world† (Shah, 2010). Obesity rates have reached a constant level in January 2010

Positivist and Classical Criminology free essay sample

In an attempt to compare and evaluate the two, a brief explanation is necessary, in order to understand exactly how they differ and combine on certain elements. The classical approach to criminal behaviour was the first to move away from the concept of classifying crime as a sin. It thus brought the shift from unfettered power to punish criminal behaviour on a spiritual level to a reason-based approach, with checks on authority. In contrast, the positivist approach adopts a statistical based approach, under which societal factors are assessed to determine which characteristics are more likely to cause crime. At once, one can see the fundamentally different bases upon which each theory is propped Whats classical criminology Classical criminology is an approach to the legal system that arose during the Enlightenment in the 1700s. Philosophers like Cesare Beccaria, John Locke, and Jeremy Bentham expanded upon social contract theory to explain why people commit crime and how societies could effectively combat crime. We will write a custom essay sample on Positivist and Classical Criminology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The concepts continue to play a large role in the legal systems of many nations today, although the approach in the modern world tends to be a bit more flexible. It is important to understand the context in which classical criminology was developed. During the Enlightenment, Europe was changing radically, with many nations emerging from feudal monarchies and radically reforming their laws. Across Europe, the law was wildly inconsistent and applied even more inconsistently. Judges and other legal officials often lacked extensive training, and prescribed punishments totally out of proportion to some crimes while ignoring others. Many people recognized the need for a more uniform and effective justice system, and this approach was the result. According to the theorists, human beings are self-interested animals, but they are also extremely rational. While people will tend to do things that are in their own self interest, they also understand that some actions actually conflict with this, and many societies develop a social contract that dictates human behavior, with humans mutually agreeing to refrain from activities that hurt each other or society. People also have free will, which means that they can opt to violate the social contract. For example, someone might steal or murder to accomplish a self-interested goal. By having consistent punishments in place that are proportional to the crime and applied rapidly, classical criminologists argue, the legal system will create deterrents to crime. Rather than committing a crime with a degree of uncertainty about the punishment, people in a nation with a clear and concise legal system will be well aware of the consequences of violating the law and the social contract, and they may think twice before committing crime. One of the big problems with classical criminology is that it does not allow for extenuating circumstances. Someone who robs a business for profit is treated exactly the same as someone who robs a business in order to eat, and some people feel that this is inhumane. Others feel that the assumption of free will is also somewhat questionable, as people may be forced into making decisions as a result of their circumstances or socioeconomic class. Whats classical criminology What is the classical school of criminology and what are the main points of this theory. Cesare Beccaria was a key thinker of this theory and is also considered by some the founder of modern criminology. Classical school of criminology theory placed emphasis on human rationality and free will. Second off this theory unlike the others researched the prevention of crime not the criminals. Also, according to this theory, crime was the result of people choosing to do so with the possibility of the consequences be evident. The classical theory of Beccaria and others is what our constitution was based upon so as you can see, it has great significance to our society. Humans are believed to act in their own best interests. We have our own free will and we also have a rational side to us. This was the basis of the classical criminology theory. Being the case, this theory emphasized laws that would stress non criminal actions would be in the best interest of society. Punishment and deterrence was an important factor in this theory because the punishment had to reinforce deterrence so people could rationalize the self benefits of criminality from the consequences of criminality. Due to the fact that Beccaria believed that bad laws led to criminality, a lot of his emphasis was based on preventing crime and swift punishment when crime was committed. In his eyes punishment is justified only to defend the peace of society and that society would be motivated to abide by it. This meant that punishment was to treat the criminal, incapacitate them from repeating criminal acts and deter would be criminals. To incorporate these ideas Beccaria believed that punishment should be swift, certain, deterrence, proportional to the crime, clear and based on positive and negative reinforcement. Swift punishment is

CSR of the McDonald Company-Free-Samples-Myassignementhelp.com

Questions: 1.Proceed to a Critical assessment of the Corporate Social Responsibility Report of McDonalds. 2.You should demonstrate a critical awareness of real ethical Issues that modern work places face. Answers: 1.The assessment of the Corporate Social Responsibility of the McDonalds Company The McDonalds Company is globally known for its success in the production and the selling of hamburger to both the local people in America and the international community through its additional chain of supply of the restaurants. However, driving such a massive company requires a lot of determination as well as an appropriate code of conduct in the business environment. As a result, we shall be looking at the ethical environment that the McDonalds operates in and the impact it has on the business behavior as well as its performance. The McDonalds operates in a business environment that is guided by business ethics and social responsibility that is controlled and managed by six different committees that report to the Board of Directors. These 6 committees include the likes of Corporate Responsibility Committee, Global Environment council, Quality Systems Board, and the Sustainable Supply Steering Committee among others. Looking at the Corporate Social Responsibility, the committee addresses such issues like the product safety, employee training and opportunities, employee safety, and the sustainable chains of supply of their product to both the local and international customers (Parra, Tremblay, and Castellanos 2016). In addition, the company is also concerned about the workplace safety, diversity, and the keen process of not polluting the environment. Operating in such channels aids in the bringing forth better impacts on the people it is serving and the employees as well. Taking care of the employees enables th e employees to feel appreciated, needed, and being part of the organization thus improving their work output in the firm (Hisrich, and Ramadani 2017). If the employee, for instance, is not treated in a better way that he or she considers is appropriate, he or she may end up producing unwanted results that may impact the firm negatively thus reduction in the customers needs being satisfied. However, the act of the company in treating its employees in a better way aids in the improvement of the production quality of them as well as the feeling of being home away from their homes. Secondly, the business makes sure that its product is safe for use or consumption by the customer. Thus, it has set up strategies that manage the wellbeing of their product through ensuring that the product has been cooked effectively in every restaurant across the globe through its regional managers (Velliaris, Willis, and Pierce 2015). Taking care of the final product helps in the wellbeing of not only the employees who are making them but also the community in general which in turn increases the capability and adaptability to better health standards. We should also note that any produced goods must be fit for consumption by the end user and the company has managed in maintaining and fulfilling these set conditions in every jurisdiction that it is serving in. As a result, the company is viewed positively by both the employees, community and the law enforcement bodies thus improving its social responsibility rankings to a better level. Thirdly, the company effectively trains its employees on how to prepare their product as well as on the leadership skills that may aid them in the day to day running of the business or even in case a need for moral skills arises. Training employees do a better advantage to the company and not to the employees alone as they are trained in different levels. For instance, the employees are trained on different levels or departments in the company such as the production level, the distribution level, and/or the marketing or supply chain level. In the production level training, the employees are trained on how best they can produce a single hamburger that will satisfy the taste and preference of a customer as well as other beverages such that the employee would love coming back for more (Brenkert 2015). It is through such training that the business will be able to deliver value to its customers and manage a better image of itself in the social responsibility area. In the supply chain or t he marketing, the employees are trained on how best they can talk, serve, and congratulate a customer who walks into their restaurants effectively. In addition, the employees feel wanted when they are trained on how to operate as it fills their knowledge gaps on the aspects of how they can handle a particular customer effectively. In addition, the training of the employees makes it easier to transfer one employee from one firm to another as they both have same training thus nit affecting the business at any particular moment or time. The fourth strategy that the company uses in the management of the day to day business is the ensuring that the employees workplace is safe from any disturbance. Security is a vital organ in the running of a business especially if the business is being operated in an urban center or a populated region. The workplace of this company is maintained such that in case an emergency arises, such as fire out brake, there are a number of measures that are taken to prevent further damages through the use of emergency safe kits. In addition, the workplace is constructed in a convenient way where the employees do not have to squeeze themselves while serving the customer or making the companys products, resulting in a better working space. Also, when the employees feel safe in the place of work, it is a guarantee that they will produce their maximum as there is a minimal chance of being interrupted by any external means. Thus, the workplaces safety does more benefits in improving the social image of the company resulting in having a better trust on the business by all stakeholders (Rawwas, and Isakson, 2015). The McDonalds Company also protects its employees against vengeance. They strictly exclude retaliation against employees who report issues such as misconduct, raise an alarm or cooperate in an investigation, provided that the employees have acted in good faith and with a judicious belief that the information provided is accurate. Anyone, in the company, who hits back, is always subjected to the punitive action, up to and/or including the conclusion of employment. Finally, the company runs on an initiative that maintains the well-being and sustainable environment around it in order not to spoil it or mishandle it in a way that way either pollutes it either through the air, water, or land pollution. The company has been able to meet this standard through its strategy in recycling its waste plastic materials, using environmentally friendly raw materials, and the participation in environmental care programs within the locality that their restaurants serve. Through the use of such a strategy, the company is assured of better social responsibility ranking by all stakeholders and the government that it deals with effectively. Most of the large companies that are multinational do not observe this law and hence end up polluting the environment as well as not taking positive measure to re-clean the surrounding once they have spoilt it. Due to the fact that the McDonalds uses materials that emit low levels of pollution to the environment, the company is viewed to be a good company, in the social responsibility arena, by most of the communities that it serves. Another aspect that the company serves best is through the appropriate mechanisms of waste management as it is through the better waste management that a firm can control the way or channels that it is polluting. As a result, the company is viewed to be a better company in terms of managing its social responsibility as explained in the above (Alekseyenko, Skrynnikov, Poperechna, and Pilova, 2008). The company has a number of strategies that it uses in the managing the daily mode of activities through the use of the following. It has set up bodies that drive the cross-functional and issue-specific areas of the business. These bodies aid in ensuring that the above-quoted strategies that aid the company in managing a positive public image are fulfilled to their maximum and with a better solution. The McDonalds Company is committed to ensuring that the diets and beverages they serve to their customers are safe. This means that they are working with their suppliers who display, test and trail all the ingredients. In addition, they have a comprehensive sequencer to ensure the protection of all figures and promotional objects. Their safety and quality canons for food, beverages, toys and advertising items meet or outdo all applicable administration requirements. They also support additional procedures to help defend consumers and guarantee the safety of local food provisions. They vi ew this act as a part of their responsibility as a moral corporate national, and they know it is also indispensable to the enduring growth and cost-effectiveness of their business. It is the obligation of every McDonalds underling to follow all pertinent safety and sanitization policies, or set rules, and procedures. The employees are also told to notify their administrator if they become aware of a trick relating to the safety the companys products. For instance, in order for the kids to be satisfied with their products, the bodies have ensured that the employees produce a range of diverse foods and beverages for the kids such that they can have a number of options in whatever they would want to consume. Kids not only want food but also fun while they are at these restaurants. And, as a result, the bodies have taken a step further in ensuring that kids are motivated through fun by the implementation of the use of fun products like the merry-go-round play tools. Such an act not only keeps the kids happy but also helps in keeping them safe from any ailment due to physical appearance and attracting them daily to come and eat as well as having fun with other kids. The company does not stop at that as it has also invested hugely in maintaining and educating the customers on the nutrition information on how they can take care of themselves. It is through the above measures that the McDonalds has been able to stay in business and managing its public image as well. If not through the use of the above-mentioned strategies, the company would not have succeeded in the appropriate staying in business as well as running its huge number of restaurants that are situated at different places in the world. 2.The effective code of conduct in a business Any business is run by a person who is in charge of diverse departments of the firm or simply the management that may comprise of a number of directors. For a business to display a positive image of itself, the managers or the directors in charge should be the first ones to display it through the portraying of the positive business ethics. As a manager, a person may be required to display what the core values of the business are rather than just saying them without appropriate actions. It is through actions that the junior employees find it better to copy and follow the suit of their managers in a better and understanding manner (Crane, and Matten, 2016). There are a number of ways that a manager can portray a positive code of conduct such as the following. A manager should be able to keep time and deliver whatever is needed of him on timely bases so as for the junior staff to follow the suit and maintain time too. It is very difficult for a junior employee to keep time if his or her supervisor is a lazy or untimely person. As a result, timekeeping should always be in the mind of the manager as the first aspect to consider. The manager should maintain effective communication both horizontal and vertically in order to pass the same idea to his or her junior staff. Communication is very effective in managing a firm as it is through communication where the manager is able to spread information. For instance, an official message that should be passed to the employees cannot be done so by the use of a phone text message but rather the use of internal memos. It is these small aspects that the managers fail to show in their day to day activi ties that result in the improper business management. The manager should also be keen on the way the business is serving the community as it is through his or her concern that the junior employees will follow the route and maintain effective contribution to the society (Ferrero, and Sison, 2014). Moving on to the personal aspect, any leader must maintain several codes of conduct including the following. He or she must be an honest person as honesty helps in the understanding of the process involved in the implementation of the companys mission, vision, and objectives as well. A leader must also be accountable for every action that he or she takes or does so as to show the junior employees what they should also do. Being accountable will not only improve the junior employees trust but also ensure that there are minimal cases of fraud as every person is accountable for every action that he or she takes (Sigurjonsson, Arnardottir, Vaiman, and Rikhardsson, 2015). A leader must always be flexible with is a line of thought as rigid thinking especially in the decision-making sector is not advisable as it does not create an option for an alternative solution to a certain problem. Flexibility also aids in the diverse selection of ideas that the employees can take in serving their dail y activities and this fact must be taught by their master employees. Respect should also be maintained in any given institution as lack of respect creates lack of boundary that results in the misconduct such as abuse and negligence at work. As a result, a manager must show his or her junior employees respect in order for them to be respected too by them. To add up, the managers should always perform their duties with higher levels of integrity as it is through integrity that a manager can be ranked as either the best one or the worst. Several companies fail to deliver their mission statement or even the objectives due to the lack of the code of conducts that their managers or even their directors fail to show to their junior employees. If a manager in the production department does not respect an employee in his department, he or she can be assured not to be respected back and, as a result, the business may even fail completely. In the other field of making decisions, the managers must be sure to use ethics while making decisions as the lack of ethics in decision-making results in the implementation of unethical decisions. These decisions can ruin the reputation of the whole company from top to the bottom. It is best of them, the managers, to use ethics ethical decision making theories in their process of making diverse decisions as well. As we are aware of the decision-making stages, a manager should always uphold the best business ethics for their business. There are a number of ways a manager can also display ethical actions in his or her business such as the following. The written form of conduct is applicable too as this clearly defines the ethics to be maintained in an organization. The aim of defining andwriting a code of conductis to let employees know what is acceptable and what is not within the organization (Floyd, Xu, Atkins, and Caldwell 2013). Every employee new or experienced must be trained on adhering to the code of conduct. Ethics compliance and training programs can be effective especially to the employees. Besides setting goals for the upcoming year, organizations should focus more on training employees on workplace ethics. A few members of the top level management can lead theethics and compliance training programs. Such initiatives will stress the fact that employees must cultivate and adhere to the ethical code of the workplace.And finally, it is essential to communicate the ethical values and a Code of Conduct to employees to equip them with the authority to take an appropriate ethical decision in any given situation. Above all, you need a good team with strong ethical behavior to grow and be a successful company. References Alekseyenko, T., Skrynnikov, V., Poperechna, N.V. and Pilova, K., 2008. MCDONALDS MARKETING STRATEGY. Brenkert, G.G., 2015. 2. Business, moral innovation, and ethics.Ethical Innovation in Business and the Economy, p.25. Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016.Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Ferrero, I. and Sison, A.J.G., 2014. A quantitative analysis of authors, schools, and themes in virtue ethics articles in business ethics and management journals (19802011).Business Ethics: A European Review,23(4), pp.375-400. Floyd, L.A., Xu, F., Atkins, R. and Caldwell, C., 2013. Ethical outcomes and business ethics: Toward improving business ethics education.Journal of business ethics,117(4), pp.753 -776. Hisrich, R.D., and Ramadani, V., 2017. Business Ethics, Social Responsibility, and Entrepreneurial Managers. InEffective Entrepreneurial Management(pp. 179-201). Springer International Publishing. McDonald, G., 2014.Business Ethics: A Contemporary Approach. Cambridge University Press. Parra, C.M., Tremblay, M.C. and Castellanos, A., 2016, September. Prominent voices and prevalent discourses: A corporate social responsibility application. InDigital Information Management (ICDIM), 2016 Eleventh International Conference on(pp. 74 -78). IEEE. Rawwas, M.Y. and Isakson, H.R., 2015. Ethics of Future Business Managers: The Influence of Beliefs and Values on Ethical Attitudes. InProceedings of the 1998 Multicultural Marketing Conference(pp. 264-264). Springer, Cham. Sigurjonsson, T.O., Arnardottir, A.A., Vaiman, V., and Richardson, P., 2015. Managers views on ethics education in business schools: An empirical study.Journal of Business Ethics,130(1), pp.1-13. Velliaris, D.M., Willis, C.R. and Pierce, J.M., 2015. International student perceptions of ethics in a business pathway course.New voices in higher education research and scholarship, pp.234-253

Greek and Roman Theatre Terms Flashcard

Greek and Roman Theatre Terms

Free Essays on Ode To A Grecian Urn

1) What is an "unravished bride"? Why does Keats use this metaphor to describe the urn? 2) Keats calls the urn a "historian." What "stories" does the urn seem to tell? To answer this, make a list of the pictures or objects Keats sees on the urn. How is each described? 3) What does Keats say about music in stanza two? 4) What does Keats say about love in stanza two? 5) How are the passages about music and love related to each other? 6) Keats contrasts two kinds of love in stanza three (the word "more" appears twice in line 25 to develop the contrast). Explain the contrast. 7) Why does Keats refer to the urn as a "Cold Pastoral"? 8) The urn is a work of art. What, finally, do you think Keats is saying about the world of art and imagination? Is it better than the "real world"? Why or why not? http://prometheus.cc.emory.edu/panels/5C/Pescarmona.html ************************************ In a paper dealing primarily with Keats's dialogical ability, it would seem neglectful to not start by focusing on the expansive dialogue he continually engaged in with his contemporaries. The year prior to Keats's annus mirablis, he composed the following letter to Richard Woodhouse regarding the identity of the poet: A Poet is the most unpoetical of any thing in existence; because he has no Identity he is continually in forand filling some other BodyThe Sun, the Moon, the Sea and Men and Women who are creatures of impulse are poetical and have about them an unchangeable attributethe poet has none; no identityhe is certainly the most unpoetical of all God's Creatures (Letters12/21/1817). This necessity for infusion into all creatures and things in order to achieve some sense of the poetical and "unchangeable"permeates Keats's Odes written in 1819, particularly "Nightingale"and "Grecian Urn."While Keats was writing the Odes, he could not be unaware of his own troublesome health, and at the same time, was entirely too awar... Free Essays on Ode To A Grecian Urn Free Essays on Ode To A Grecian Urn 1) What is an "unravished bride"? Why does Keats use this metaphor to describe the urn? 2) Keats calls the urn a "historian." What "stories" does the urn seem to tell? To answer this, make a list of the pictures or objects Keats sees on the urn. How is each described? 3) What does Keats say about music in stanza two? 4) What does Keats say about love in stanza two? 5) How are the passages about music and love related to each other? 6) Keats contrasts two kinds of love in stanza three (the word "more" appears twice in line 25 to develop the contrast). Explain the contrast. 7) Why does Keats refer to the urn as a "Cold Pastoral"? 8) The urn is a work of art. What, finally, do you think Keats is saying about the world of art and imagination? Is it better than the "real world"? Why or why not? http://prometheus.cc.emory.edu/panels/5C/Pescarmona.html ************************************ In a paper dealing primarily with Keats's dialogical ability, it would seem neglectful to not start by focusing on the expansive dialogue he continually engaged in with his contemporaries. The year prior to Keats's annus mirablis, he composed the following letter to Richard Woodhouse regarding the identity of the poet: A Poet is the most unpoetical of any thing in existence; because he has no Identity he is continually in forand filling some other BodyThe Sun, the Moon, the Sea and Men and Women who are creatures of impulse are poetical and have about them an unchangeable attributethe poet has none; no identityhe is certainly the most unpoetical of all God's Creatures (Letters12/21/1817). This necessity for infusion into all creatures and things in order to achieve some sense of the poetical and "unchangeable"permeates Keats's Odes written in 1819, particularly "Nightingale"and "Grecian Urn."While Keats was writing the Odes, he could not be unaware of his own troublesome health, and at the same time, was entirely too awar...

Think tank Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Think tank - Assignment Example Rather, they are ideas generated on college campuses, in think tanks and in other research organizations around the country (Wiarda 55). This essay is going to draw comparison between the Center for Strategic International Studies (CSIS), Rand Organization and American Enterprise Institute (AEI) think tanks, explore how they function, and finally how these think tanks influence the US foreign policy. Think tanks vary enormously in terms of size, staff, and institutional resources, but they all rely to a certain extent on both public and private channels to exercise policy influence (Wiarda 63). Of the more than 2,000 think tanks in the USA, close to 25percent of these are considered as independent or free standing whereby vast majority are affiliated with university departments. The Center for Strategic International Studies (CSIS) is a popular American think tank that is based in Washington DC in the United States of America and it primary role is to conduct policy studies and strategic analyses on economic development and reconstruction, political and security issues, Global Health as well as climate change and energy (Arin 40). It also focuses on Human Rights, Technology, and Trade and Economics as well as Global Trends and Forecasting throughout the world. Nonetheless, CSIS pays special focus on issues concerning trade, international relations, energy, technology, finance as well as geostrategic. According to a report that was released by the University of Pennsylvania in 2013 entitled â€Å"Global Go To Think Tanks Report†, CSIS is the best think tank internationally for international affairs and security. It was also placed as the fourth best think tank globally and it has been termed occasionally as â€Å"one of the most respected of Washington’s think tanks† (Arin 39). CSIS invites well-known foreign policy and public service officials and from the US Congress and the executive branch inclusive of

MBA integrative project assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MBA integrative project - Assignment Example Components of the congruence module is listed in Table A The strength of the model is its concept of congruence which relates to the fitness of two components. For example, a task demands a level of skill and knowledge and likewise, the individuals available to perform the task possess varying levels of skill and knowledge. (Nadler and Tushman 1980) [3] The fits and lack of fits can be related to behaviors observed in the system such as conflict, performance, and stress. Figure 1 shows the shape of the model which illustrates the interdependency of these seven variables The McKinsey 7S Framework was named after a consulting company, McKinsey and Company, which has conducted applied research in business and industry (Pascale & Athos, 19810[4]; (Peters & Waterman, 1982). [5] The authors of this model worked as consultant in McKinsey and Company. They created 7 variables which they called â€Å"lever†. The seven variables each beginning with letter â€Å"S† are structure, strategy, systems, skills, style, staff, and shared values. Figure 2 shows the shape of the model which illustrates the interdependency of these seven variables. The illustration is termed as the â€Å"Managerial Molecule.† Structure is the organizational chart. Strategy is the plan or course of action which allocates resources to achieve identified goals over time. The systems are the processes and procedures followed within the organization. Staff are humans in the organization (e.g., engineers), whereas the skills are capabilities of the staff. Style is the manner in which key managers behave to achieve organizational goals. Shared values are the guiding concepts that organization members share. The strength of the model is that it is a recognizable and easily remembered in business. The variables represented in the model are considered to be of crucial importance to managers

Modern Vampirism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Modern Vampirism - Essay Example After they free the monkeys, the animals turn on them and bite them hence inflicting them with the virus. The virus soon becomes an epidemic afflicting anyone who comes in contact with the blood through any contact with the infected people. John Wyndham continues to spin the same post-apocalyptic tale although his zombies or vampires take on a rather an unprecedented form. The author presents the zombie character as plants called Triffids that have the ability to walk by upping their roots. However, the catastrophic attribute of these creatures is the lethal venom that they have in their sting, and it is often fatal to humans. The three depictions significantly differ from the traditional definition that almost teetered significantly toward a religious perspective. The directors and author imply that human beings were the cause of the entire affliction that they were facing. In The Omega Man, Robert Neville explains that the virus epidemic came about due to the germ warfare between R ussia and China where both sides employed biological weapons. In 28 Days Later, Jim is the main protagonist that makes a claim about the people responsible through his explanation of the events. He states that the activists had gone to set the monkeys free while the scientist was experimenting with a lethal virus capable of wiping off all trace of humanity from the face of the earth. It, therefore, suffices to say that human rights were over-zealous in their quest, and the scientists were equally guilty for summoning up the mother of plagues.

Pros And Cons About Perth Tourism Development Tourism Essay

Pros And Cons About Perth Tourism Development Tourism Essay Perth is described as Western Australias growth capital and there are some pros and cons about Perth Tourism Development (Tourism Western Australia 2010). Perth has been ranked in the top three most desired hotel investment markets together with Sydney and Brisbane in the HTL Capital Advisers 2008 Industry Survey. Perth is the point of arrival in Australia for 70% of the states international visitors (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2009). When talking about the background of Perth, the ecological footprint of residents of Perth Western Australia is among the highest in the world (Urlich 2000). General affluence and high standard of living are primary contributors. Urban form and housing styles are also contributors, directly and indirectly. Perth is extremely low density (R8 on average). Low density suburban development over decades has caused the loss of large areas of bio-diverse vegetation and habitat. Automobile dependency is relatively high. Greenhouse emissions are consequently extremely high on per capita basis (which creates policy and cultural tension). In and around Western Australias capital Perth, there are inner city parks, bustling markets and a colourful lifestyle, as well as water-based activities like fishing, boating and surfing. Western Australian is the nations fourth largest economy, responsible for the production of 13.6% of the Australias gross domestic product (GDP). Perth city is a hub for the states activity and the point of dispersion for the states interstate and international visitors (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2010). Perth has grown to become a city of international significance an increasing population, high workforce participation and productivity continues to fuel demand. Perth has been ranked the least sustainable city in an assessment of the carbon footprint of Australias 20 largest cities (ABCNews 2010). This report is going to discuss the impacts of Hospitality and Tourism industry to Economic, Social and Environmental aspects in Perth. And to some extent, these three aspects would affect tourism industry in Perth also. Besides these, it also takes an example of Holiday Inn Hotel City Centre Perth in the area of CSR (Corporate social responsibility). The hotel has been engaging lots of charity programs. 2. Economic impacts Tourism growth Perth and Western Australia have achieved marginal growth in their market share of Australian international visitation since the year 2004. This is most evident in Western Australias market share of international visitors, which was up 1.1 percentage points to 13.6% as at year end 2009( Tourism Western Australia,2010). International visitors spent a total of 21.2 million nights in Western Australia, 17.0 million of which were spent in Perth. This represents a 42% increase for Western Australia and a 39% increase for Perth, since September 2004. The difference between the growth in visitors and growth in visitor nights reflects the growth in average length of stay, approximately 25% (6 days) and 23% (5 days) for Western Australia and Perth respectively almost half of which occurred in the year to September 2009( Tourism Western Australia,2010). . More quality hotel rooms for Perth, in a world class city with vibrant waterfront and cultural precincts. The focus on the development of significant tourism infrastructure will mean Tourism Western Australia will pull back from its traditional involvement in smaller industry development activities. Tourism Western Australia will develop a new Statewide Major Events Strategy to create new home-grown events and attract more national and international events to Western Australia (Tourism Western Australia, 2010). Tourism in Perth: Tourism and the related business activity are playing an important role in Perth Economy, although a relatively greater one in terms of employment. An estimated 4.0 % of local workers are employed in the tourism services sector in Perth. However, the tourism industry and in particular, segments such as accommodation also is playing a key role in business and corporate activity much more broadly, providing not only the services but also facilities to support activity in these sectors(Tourism Research Australia 2009). Economic Stress in Perth It is generally believed that Hospitality and Tourism is a booming industry. The rising level of stress in Perth is perhaps indicative of the local impacts of the wider economic downturn. Large numbers of people engaged in vulnerable industries, such as hospitality. The economic slowdown has seen increasing numbers of people engaged in these industries out of work. It is, however, likely that the recovery in the resources sector, and the State economy more generally, will see economic stress decrease in Perth suburbs such as Butler, Alkimos and Yanchep (Tourism Western Australia 2010). Perth Airport: the regional gateway Perth is playing a major role in facilitating tourism activity. Perth airport serves as the gateway to Western Australia, facilitating 9.4 million passenger movements annually, including 2.6 million international passengers(Perth Airport, 2009). Indeed, Perth is the point of arrival in Australia for 70% of the states international visitors (Tourism Research Australia 2009). Looking forward, passenger movements at Perth airport are projected to double over the two decades to 2029, with international passenger movements growing by 4.0% to 5.6 million and domestic passenger movements growing by 3.3% to 13.4 million (Perth Airport 2009). 3. Social Impacts New hotel development in Perth Tourism Western Australia welcomed plans for a quality hotel development on Beaufort Street in Perth (Tourism Australia 2009). The capital city, Perth, offers a sought after lifestyle for the international investment community with its natural, relaxed and multicultural environment, low sovereign risk, pro-development government policies, a highly skilled and innovative workforce and world-class infrastructure (Deloitte 2009). Market fundamentals for Perth hotels are very strong with double digit yield growth over the last three years projected to continue for the next five years. The outlook for mid market and first class hotels is very positive despite current global economic uncertainty (Marin and Jafari 2002). Projects of strategic importance in Perth have attracted significant international investor interest creating an exciting business, tourism, residential and entertainment hub to put Perth in the international spotlight (Transocean Consulting Services 2007). This combined with Perths strategic global location, positioning as a major international business hub with close proximity to Asia, makes Western Australia an attractive investment destination. From the statistics, Perth occupancy rates are still amongst the highest in Australia at 81 per cent. Perths consistent growth over the last five years is encouraging to investors such as the Rothchester Group and its preferred operators (Tourism Australia 2009). There is strong demand for hotel accommodation in Perth and a particular shortage of high quality hotel accommodation in the city. In Hong Kong more than 70 per cent of delegates chose Australia as their preferred choice for investment. Tourism Western Australia will continue to assist investors to ensure quality hotel developments are built in the Perth central business district and regional Western Australia. Raising awareness of local issues and needs Tourism can also raise awareness of local issues and needs. Branding of local product and achievements creates regional identity not only nationally but also internationally. There is a trend towards investment in interpretation of natural and cultural resources in Perth. Perth attraction to natural and heritage icons often helps fund conservation important efforts and provides opportunities for effective management of sensitive and important areas. Tourism is largely an experience driven industry, and Perth local culture is a unique experience more so local personality, hospitality and food than so called built attractions. (McCool and Moisey 2000) Tourism can boost the preservation and transmission of cultural and historical traditions (Weaver 2000). This often contributes to the conservation and sustainable management of natural resources such as John Forrest National Park and Matilda Bay Reserve in Perth , the protection of local heritage like Aviation Heritage Museum and Heritage Cottage Bed Breakfast, and a revival of indigenous cultures, cultural arts and crafts. More education and training programs in Hospitality and Tourism Industry One of the biggest problems which occurs to Tourism Industry is Occupational Skills Shortage ( Sommerville 2007). There are not enough qualified and experienced people, and for many of the jobs in short supply, however, education and training usually is not provided for a long time in Perth. At the same time, an increasing number of people seem to leave the workplace than entering it. It is hard to increase the numbers of people being trained because of the need for experienced employees to supervise and mentor apprentices, trainees or graduates and the limitations this placed on the number of new entrants that could be employed and trained. More than that, these education and training courses are often not keeping pace with the innovation and technological change in the workplace in Western Australia (Sommerville 2007). 4. Environmental impacts: Air Pollution in Perth Not many tourists might choose Perth as their destination or even locals might not stay in Perth during summer and winter times, due to severe Air Pollution in Perth, While Perth has a relatively small population when being compared with some other Australian capital cities, air pollution in Perth is very significant (Department of Environmental Protection 2009). The following analysis shows that Perth has levels of air pollution which might present health impacts to tourists and locals. The levels of photochemical smog (ozone) in Perth during summer regularly exceed national standards (Department of Environmental Protection 2000). Besides this, during winter months, a smoke haze frequently hangs over Perth. In most cases these episodes of unacceptable air quality are influenced by weather conditions that prevent air pollutants from detracting quickly (Department of Environmental Protection 2000). Figure: The sites of the Perth Air Quality Monitoring Stations Source: Air Quality in Perth 1992-1999 report (DEP 2001) A detailed analysis of the air quality in the Perth metropolitan region is contained in the DEPs Air Quality in Perth 1992-1999 report (DEP 2001). In summary the report shows that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ozone levels in summer are tending to remain high, approaching or exceeding the acceptable standard; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Background levels of ozone are increasing; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Airborne particle (haze) levels in winter are relatively high, and during spring and autumn are relatively low. As the population grows, even if the level of car ownership remains the same as it is now, there will be even more cars on the road. On top of this, the length of vehicle trips is expected to increase as the size of Perth grows. It is expected that for every one per cent increase in population there will be a 1.6% increase in the number of vehicle kilometers travelled. Figure: The total vehicle emissions of carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen going into Perths air each day. Source: Air Quality gets a Black Mark, Australian Environment Review, Vol 11, No 4, May 1996. Figure: Predicted daily vehicle emissions of carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen for Perth in 2011 assuming there is no new anti-pollution Source: Air Quality gets a Black Mark, Australian Environment Review, Vol 11, No 4, May 1996. As for the solution of the Air Pollution, reduction in motor vehicle ownership and usage is the key target. Increased use of public transport -international experience, and recent local successes strongly indicate that rail should be the focus for Perth (Department of Environmental Protection of Perth 2003). In Hospitability and Tourism Industry, Some forms of recreation, including rowing, bushwalking and rock climbing, make little or no contribution to air pollution (Department of Environmental Protection of Perth 2003). Other pursuits however, affect the quality of our air. Trail bikes, jet skis and power boats all put toxic emissions into the atmosphere. It is possible to continue to enjoy all forms of recreation and at the same help to improve air quality. Coastal erosion As for Tourism Industry, Coastal Erosion is very serve phenomena. Hotels, resorts or even local houses along the coast would be affected to some certain extent (Medlik 2003). Rising sea levels, more frequent storms, cyclones and floods along the coastline are putting beach front properties at risk. Coastal erosion is the permanent loss of land along the shoreline (World News 2009). Natural causes of erosion (World News 2009): Changes in wave climate such as an increase in wave height change in the angle of wave approach or increased frequency of high magnitude waves. Reduction in the amount of sediment delivered to the coast from reef and rising sea level. Human-induced causes of erosion (World News 2009): Sand extraction from beaches that reduces the sand volume of the coast, coral mining, insertion of structures such as seawalls which locally alter wave processes and change sediment transport patterns and removal of mangroves. Waste Water Management in Hotels Environmental Effort = Reduced Consumption = Lower Operating Costs Hyatt Regency Perth Hotel is the example of doing Waste Water Management. Environmental impacts of Hospitality and Tourism are described as following points:  · Large draw on public infrastructure and utilities (electricity, water, sewage) which must be shared with local communities  · Discharge of untreated effluents into the environment in large quantities  · Massive import of goods to service the industry- excess packaging and waste  · Improper land use planning and poor designs of infrastructure systems These impacts on the community in Perth can be indicated as following: shortages in public utilities (water rationing, brown outs), ineffective hotel wastewater treatment plant might cause human health impacts and rise in disposal costs for waste removal (Water Corporation 2006). Protecting Perths Public Drinking Groundwater Sources The growth of Hospitality and Tourism industry in Perth, to some extent, is helping to protect Perths Public Drinking Groundwater Sources through raising public awareness. The main sources of groundwater in Perth are the Jandakot and Gnangara Mounds on which the Jandakot, Gnangara and Perth Coastal (Water Corporation 2007). Underground Water Pollution Control Areas (UWPCAs) are defined. Within these areas policies have been developed to protect water resources from pollution. The Department of Environment (DoE) is responsible for the protection of water resources used for public drinking water supplies throughout Western Australia (Water Corporation 2007). 5. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) In terms of Corporate Social Responsibility, some hotels and resorts do make very good examples. Some hotels have 10 percent of the total guest room revenue donated equally to a charity of their choice and Community Footprints, the social responsibility program. Some hotels win lots of popularity through their outstanding and continuing social contributions to the local community which included numerous social initiatives in the fields of sustainability, environment, heritage, community interaction and youth development ( Cq Researcher 2010). Activities involved are such as inspiring the younger generation with environmental awareness and to instill a sense of ownership for the future of their country. More than that, supporting under-privileged children and eco-friendly green initiatives for many years are also examples of some hotels social responsibilities (Cq Researcher 2010). Holiday Inn Hotel City Centre Perth Holiday Inn City Centre Perth builds customer loyalty and strengthens employee commitment through a program of charitable engagement with the multiple local communities in which they operate (Cq Researcher 2010). In the area of corporate social responsibility (CSR) Holiday Inn City Centre Perth is involved in many initiatives aimed at reducing its impact on society, for example energy and water conservation. The focus of this briefing is on its engagement with charities and how it has helped their business. The charities are in their core interests of Community, Employees, Arts, Youth Education, Environment and Human Rights. The charities they involved such as Children In Need, the Red Cross and so on. The hotel is also helping to upgrade schools with sanitation facilities as well as library and science equipment, workbooks and classroom materials. Besides Holiday Inn City Centre Perth, the other hotels in Perth are also helping to make it much easier for their staff to be environmentally friendly. The provision of bike lockers and shower facilities means that staff can gain some exercise and be ready for their day at work. Some hotels even provide child-care facilities, this means that busy mothers and fathers can reduce the distances they drive, or even better, enjoy some time with their children as they travel together on public transport(Cq Researcher 2010). 6. Conclusion This study report introduces the city Perth and analyzes how Hospitality and Tourism Industry affect the city Perth based on social, economic and environmental factors. Not only that, it also discusses the issue about Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and gives some examples about the hotels in Perth. Sustainable development is the objective, not just the protection of biodiversity and species. Tourism is a fast growing industry and a valuable sector, contributing significantly to Perth economy. Perth is experiencing substantial growth in terms of inner-city living, development and Hospitality Tourism industry, servicing 100,000 daily visitors and workers in addition to its 15,000 inner-city residents. The City of Perth is a main provider of free entertainment for the 1.6 million people in the metropolitan area and is the premier destination for business, entertainment, nightlife, culture and the arts. Around 4.0 % of local workers are employed in the tourism services sector in Perth. However, they lack training and education. Moreover, local employees usually work at very low paid and unskilled jobs. People also enjoy living close to recreational areas such as the Swan and Canning rivers and near the open spaces of the various parklands, wetlands and the hills. There is a tendency for the people of Perth to live in single residential home surrounded by private gardens. Transport is another factor people consider when choosing where they live. These factors have all contributed to Perth becoming a sprawling city. This pattern of development is expected to lead to people travelling greater and greater distances so they may satisfy their work and social requirements. This report addresses the issues of economic stress and tourism growth in Perth. As for Environmental impacts, Air Pollution, Coastal erosion, Waste Water Management in Hotels, Public Drinking Groundwater Sources are some of the issues are being discussed above. Perth has been facing very severe air pollution. Hyatt Regency Perth Hotel manages well in terms of waste water management. And when comes to social impacts, Tourism can also raise awareness of local issues and needs. More than that, Western Australia also welcomed new hotel development in Perth. To conclude, Hospitality and Tourism Industry has huge impact on Perth in terms of three factors which discussed above. More than that, it is clearly that some local patterns also affect tourism industry in Perth.

Postmodern Anxiety & the Aesthetics of Destruction Essay -- Aesthetics

Postmodern Anxiety & the Aesthetics of Destruction To borrow a term from the seminal postmodern scholarship of Ihab Hassan, we are living in a moment of indeterminacy. As linearity went the way of modernism, today's culture is one of interconnectivity, webs and networks. We privilege teamwork, democracy, easy and equal access to knowledge above all else. Aesthetics of art and the rhetoric of corporation (that is in turn borrowed from artistic practices) are changing as a result. Formalism has given way to more open creativity. Companies are â€Å"flat† or horizontally-integrated, workers may even be skilled beyond menial tasks. But what gets lost in this tangled utopia of webs and equality is determinable truth. Because of the new corporate rhetoric its easy to forget that we are still undeniably situated in a hegemonic, global, (late-)capitalist culture. And although because of increases in technology, the general public has access to more knowledge than ever before, with these advances also comes unparallel access to a proli feration of useless information. What results from this fetishizing of democratization on all fronts is a tension between revelation and concealment, sense and nonsense. The cultural anxiety, which this in turn creates, has led the United States into a war against a faceless enemy for the second time in only a few decades. The indeterminate form of communism which we once fruitlessly battled has today taken on the amorphous visage of terrorism. Ultimately, this ideology of war, created by the uneasiness of a culture of indeterminacy, is just as transparent as the technological interfaces (computer and television screens) that its images are projected on. Current artistic practices mirror this war-motivati... .... 5 May 2005. Gibson, William. Introduction to Agrippa: A Book of the Dead. . 5 May 2005. Hutcheon, Linda and Natoli, Joseph, eds. A Postmodern Reader . State University of New York Press. Albany : 1993. Jeffords, Susan & Rabinovitz, Lauren ed. Seeing Through the Media: The Persian Gulf War. Rutgers University Press, New Jersey : 1994. Metzger, Gustav.< http://www.391.org/manifestos/1960metzger.htm> 5 May 2005 Nike buys streets and squares: Guerrilla marketing or collective hallucination? 10 Oct. 2003. < http://www.0100101110101101.org/texts/nike_prelease1-en.html>. 5 May 2005. Websites Consulted: 0100101110101101.org. < http://www.0100101110101101.org > 5 May 2005. Etoy:http://www.etoy.com/ 5 May 2005 . Nikebiz.com: http://www.nike.com/nikebiz/nikebiz.jhtml?page=0

School Finance Article Analysis

After the Second World War, there has been a dramatic increase on school finance in the United States. Through the article, Guthrie explains some of the critical incidents that contributed the considerable increase of the per-pupil expenditures in public elementary and secondary learning institutions. Upon reading the article, one should have an understanding on how do certain events affect per student spending in America. Some of the factors cited by Guthrie are the constant expansions regarding the services offered by schools, more pricey specialized classes on high school students, and special education programs. Also, Guthrie includes that grants for students from disadvantaged backgrounds and those with disabilities make a contribution to increased costs. In the article, Guthrie suggests that it is very likely that the increasing expenditure on school finance continues. With this, the author offers some solutions to be considered to put a halt or, at the least, control its growth rate. Some of these are privatization and contracting. Just like the article states about the increasing per student expenditure, school finance in Massachusetts is also affected by the factors stated earlier. Thus, one can say that Massachusetts is on its way on a much higher education budget. In the event that the education status in Massachusetts will continue (that is, its school’s productivity is increased), there can be a possibility that the trend will snap, thus making the funds for public elementary and secondary schools could be minimized.

The eNotes Blog How to Pick the Right College forYou

How to Pick the Right College forYou Congratulations high schoolers! Another school year is over and summer has just begun! While were certain that youre all out to have a good time and unwind, the summer is also an opportune time to start thinking about next steps, and its likely that a good number of your summer vacations revolve around  touring college campuses. Do you know where life will take you after high school, and what might be the right college for you? If the answer to that question still eludes you, we know a great resource to help you figure it all out. Imagine if there was one simple  infographic that pointed you to the exact college for you: one in the right state, that  offers the right major, and comes at a great price. Choosing the right campus would be a breeze, right? Well, youre in luck! Because Affordable Colleges Online  is just that: Affordable Colleges Online is a free resource  with the mission to direct  you to the best higher education possible at a price that you and your family can actually afford.  From any  page of AC Onlines  website you can search their vast database of US colleges for the school that matches the specific major, location, and degree level youre looking for. For instance, a search for nursing programs brings up not only online  classes that are currently open for enrollment, but the internships and scholarships available to prospective nursing students, too: With the wealth of information AC Online offers on online degrees, your college education could start right away. But is online learning right for you? Its steadily becoming more and more popular: Initially on the fringes of formal education, online courses and degree programs have quickly become mainstream. Colleges and universities of all types have incorporated online learning into their curricula. In 2013, seven million college students - nearly 50 percent of all those enrolled - took at least one online class, with an estimated 20 percent earning an entire degree program remotely. And the decision is a wise one; if you could have the same education for less in tuition fees and minus the cost of campus living, wouldnt you consider it? Of course, there will always be the draw to the campus lifestyle, and AC Online knows that. Thats why theyve also compiled lists of the most affordable universities across three categories: community, public, and private colleges. Interested in which US colleges offer the highest return on investment? The website has that information too. Essentially, any criteria you can come up with to find the perfect college for you, its on there. AC Online will even help you file for financial aid once youve made your choice! So, if youre still looking for  the right college for you, or if youre ready to tackle prerequisite courses online to save yourself time and money, head to affordablecollegesonline.org  for the easiest campus search on the web. Trust us your parents will thank you!

Key Features of the Cosmological Argument Essays

Key Features of the Cosmological Argument Essays Key Features of the Cosmological Argument Paper Key Features of the Cosmological Argument Paper Examine the key ideas of the cosmological argument. The cosmological argument seeks to prove the existence of God on the basis that the universe has not always been in existence and so for it to be created, an external cause was necessary; this outside agent is viewed as God. It creates a posteriori knowledge which provides inductive explanations and makes conclusions on ideas based on actual experiences. It is a non-propositional argument so it cannot be proven but can be argued by offering experience as support. Although the cosmological argument was expressed by Aquinas it was originally introduced and influenced by Aristotle. Aristotle stated ‘the series must start with something since nothing can come from nothing’. This suggests that Aristotle believed that the creation of universe is dependent on a supreme, ultimate primary mover, and is therefore an ‘unmoved mover’. Overall it is the vital cause of the creation of the universe, and is identified in Christianity as God. Aristotle persuaded this using the idea of planet motion which he highlighted as the cause of the change of seasons. For this transformation to happen, it required an ‘unmoved mover’ who would be capable of upholding order of the universe during the alterations. Aquinas used this concept as the labour of God. Thomas Aquinas developed Aristotle’s ideas and offered the ‘Five Ways’ which have the aim to prove the existence of God. Three of the five form the cosmological argument. The first way is motion, the second is cause and the third is necessity and contingency. Aquinas proposed the way of motion through the idea that in the world some things are in motion and whatever is moved is moved by another. He argued that it is impossible for something to be both mover and moved. Motion is therefore a change of state and is not just movement in time and space from one place to another. But motion requires an explanation since nothing can be in both potentiality and actuality in the same respect. Something is needed to bring about the change, therefore proving God as the initiator of change and motions in all things. The second way; cause originates from the nature of efficient cause. Aquinas stated ‘.. t is necessary to admit to a first efficient cause, to which everyone gives the name of God. ’ Aquinas rejects infinite regression but insists that without a first cause there could be no subsequent causes and therefore without a first cause, there would be nothing at all. Therefore, it is necessary to admit to a first efficient cause given the name God. Aquinas argues the third way of necessity and contingency through the view that beings or items in the universe are capable of existing and not existing. The presence of each thing can only be explained by reference to factors which themselves depend on. The factors require reasoning in the form of a necessary being who is dependant on nothing but itself. This being is identified as God. Aquinas argues that the very nature of items in the universe demands that God exists necessarily and not contingently. Aquinas third way supports the cosmological argument as items are dependent on their creator therefore something must be independent in order for things to be created therefore this something is seen as God.

Case Study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Assignment - Case Study Example ement are involved in the operation of computers, and other applications works in the system, which does not jeopardize service provision by these facilities. It is in this note that the computer facilities should be operated with distinct order and adequate security of its servers. The Becoming Company in its networking utilizes the three topologies; that is the star topology, bus topology and the linear topology. It also uses a Sun Microsystems Blade 6048 with 48 server modules as an Internal Gateway helps ease the operation of the company, and beneficial to the company since operating it is easy. Its unique features make the blade powerful, efficient and reliable. The design of 6048 allows it to perform its duties such as database, enterprise operation, high-performance computers and data consolidating and visualization (Bicsi, 2002). These features are coupled to improve the performance of the system. The company has managed to increase and maintain its performance by combining the three topologies to form 3 Internet Gateway web servers S1, S2 and S3. The bus topology (S1), which is the simplest network, is made up of the trunk and segment connecting all computers in the network. The system acts as an operating system, which enables the company transfer data and business transactions carried out effectively and pass through the gateway for processing. In this topology, every system is normally attached to signals over the channel. One computer usually sends data at a time; bus topology, however, is slow in data transmission. This form of arrangement is cheap since it requires short cable and its simplicity and makes it efficient and economical to the company. Data collision does not occur in the system since all networks are connected to a cable terminator (lanoff, 2010). The use of ring topology involve connecting nodes to form a single closed data path, these enables the system achieve high transmission rates than when connections made using bus topology

Is the current law on murder still acceptable Assignment

Is the current law on murder still acceptable - Assignment Example It is more than any rule that is practiced or any law but it’s a complete process of legal frame work. England inherited the law of Wales, therefore when talking about the English Legal System we refer to Wales’s as well. The English Legal system is based on the common law where the judges can carry on the law themselves and the decisions from the previous cases and be made as a part of law. (Gillespie, 2007) The legal system of England and Wales is based on the common law legal system used I Republic of England and in most common wealth countries. United Kingdom is the member of the European Union, England and Wales are constituent countries of the UK. The essence of common law is that it is the judges sitting in courts applying the Law of England. 1.1 CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF A DEFENDENT ACCUSED OF MURDER As explained by Catherine Elliot and Frances Quin in the first chapter (Elliot & Quin, 2012) there are various elements necessary to prove the criminal liability of a m urder. A criminal offence is only possible when both â€Å"Actus reus† and â€Å"Mens rea† are conducted at a time. ... As stated in the English law that a person is innocent until proven guilty. ACTUS REAUS + MENS REA = CRIMINAL OFFENCE (the above diagram shows the elements of criminal offence) In the case of Woolmington v DPP (1935) the defendant had taken a gun to threat his wife (the victim of the case), that he would commit suicide if she didn’t return to him, accidently the gun went off and he was convicted of murder. Hence, it is concluded from this case that although he did it by accident but the murderer had done a criminal offence, with a guilty mind. (Roe D, 2005) 1.2 ACTUS REUS To begin with the study of any case, firstly it is necessary to prove the criminal offence. As talked about it earlier a criminal offence is a compound of both intention and action to commit the crime. Actus reus is the first element of a criminal offence. Briefly and in simple words it means intent, the intention to commit offence. The term is a Latin word meaning ‘the guilty act’. The literal m eaning explains that it is important that a physical action or movement takes place. In the case of R  v Cunningham  (1982), the victim was attacked by the defendant wrongly assuming that victim has sexual relation with his fiance. The defendant repeatedly hit the victim in his head, causing fracture and severe injuries resulting in death in a week. Although the defendant claimed that law of murder should be held to those who intent to do kill but unfortunately the decision was given against the defendant. 1.2.1 IMPORTANCE The concept of Actus reus has been derived from English common law. The principal of this concept is the application of both the elements of criminal offence to call it a criminal act. Any act that is carried on with the intention to harm anyone becomes a criminal act. In the

Email - New Travel Policy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Email - New Travel Policy - Assignment Example Moreover, it has been noted that, travel expenses outweigh the estimated per diem allowance by far. To implement the new policy, the company ill issues travel expense credit cards to each department. To avoid unofficial use of the card, the cards will be managed by department heads and will only be issued for an on-duty travel. The cards will be loaded with monthly intervals unless on special request by the department. Given that most travel agencies have incorporated e-payments the cards are expected to be very effective. Secondly, each transaction via the card automatically reflects both in the general accounting department as well as the respective departments finance office. Due to the urgency and seriousness of the problem, the new policy ought to kick off from next month. Therefore, each department is expected collect a loaded credit card from the accounting department by the end of this month. Remarkably, as from 1st November, the accounting department won’t accept any travel expenses for travel

Pay for Performance Best Practices Essay Example for Free

Pay for Performance Best Practices Essay Best practice can be defined as an idea that suggests that there is some sort of technique, method, process, incentive or reward which is considered to be more useful at producing the desired outcome or result for the company than any other technique, method or a reward etc. The performance best practice is mostly done through checklists or rating scales etc. so that the desired outcome can be achieved with fewer problems and complications. (Tech Target, 2008) Compensation When talking about compensation best practice what comes to mind is incentives and gain sharing of the employees. Compensation can be defined as what the employees of the company receive in exchange for their contribution to the company. When they are managed correctly, it helps the company to achieve its targeted goals and objectives and the company is able to obtain, maintain and retain a productive workforce. Without the right kind of compensation, the current employees of the company are very likely to leave and the company will have a difficult time in replacing and the training the employees for that job. The outcomes due to pay dissatisfaction can be very harmful to productivity and can disrupt the quality of work life. If worse comes to worst, pay dissatisfaction can reduce the performance of the employees, which in return may lead to strikes which will cause grievances and that will lead to physical or psychological withdrawal ranging from absenteeism and turnover and it would also increase poor mental health of the employees. (DRMR, n. d) But it must be remembered that overpayment can also cause harm to a company and its employees. The affects of overpayment will decrease the company’s competitiveness and it will lead to anxiety, guilt and discomfort among many employees. The human resource department can contribute to the organization’s strategic objectives through the company’s compensation program. When it us seen that wages and salaries are linked with ‘pay for knowledge’ and ‘pay for skill’ the employees will have an incentive to pursue vocational training. Vocational training can be defined as training for a specific part of a work activity. For example, Dunkin’ Donuts mostly benefits from having better trained workers, who are more productive. The result of linking compensation to continuous learning is a perpetual learning machine that furthers an organization’s strategy. Compensation is not only a way to align performance with strategy. Human resource planning, recruiting, selecting, placement, development, performance appraisals and career planning are also considered in individual efforts and company strategy. But unlike the recruiting and developing activities, compensation programs can be quickly modified and linked with new strategies of the company. (Werther Davis, 1996) Strategic Objectives Strategy can be defined as a set of decisions and actions that are used to formulate and implement strategies that will provide a competitively superior fit between the organization and its environment so as to achieve the stated goals and objectives of the company. Strategy basically shows that where is the organization standing in the market? Or where does the organization wants to be in the next 5 years? It is with the help of strategy that the executives of the company define an overall direction for the company. The strategy if the company is based on growth, entrenchment and stability. The strategic analysis begins when the executives of the company evaluate the current position of the company with respect to the mission, goals and strategies. The executives scan the company’s internal and external environment and identify the strategic factors that require change. The internal and the external environment may show a need to redefine the mission or goals or to formulate a new strategy for the company at either corporate, business or functional level of the organization. (Fullmer, 1983) Dunkin’ Donuts specializes in the provision of doughnuts and beverages. Dunkin’ Donuts client and customers are mostly based of average income households. The company has established itself as one of the most formidable forces in the restaurant business. However, this does not undermine the fact that the company still has a lot to learn from other competitors in the industry. Job Analysis and Evaluation It is a known fact that job analysis collects information about jobs through surveys, observations and discussions among the workers and supervisors, to produce job and positions descriptions. With job analysis information as a part of the department’s HR information system, compensation analysts have the minimum information needed to evaluate the work activities of their employees. Job evaluations are steps and procedures that help to identify the relative worth of jobs or work activities. There are different kinds of approaches to the evaluation of a job; these approaches consider the responsibility of the employee, skills that are needed for the job, efforts done by the employee and the working conditions related to the job. Without job evaluation the HR department would not be able to create a rational approach to pay. The most common methods for job evaluation that helps with a compensation plan are job ranking, job grading system, factor compensation and the point system. The Point System The methods that I would be suggesting for Dunkin’ Donuts would be the point system. Why? Because this system evaluates the compensation factors for each job instead of using wages as the factor comparison does, this method uses points and it is more easy to use and it’s not filled with complication plus this method is most commonly used by most companies when they are evaluating their employees. This method is slightly hard to create in the initial stage, but it is more precise than any other method because it is able to handle critical, compensable factors in more detail. This system is based on six steps and theses steps are usually implemented by a job evaluation committee or by an individual HR analyst. The steps are as follows:- Step 1 is the, determine critical factor stage. The point system uses the factors which are mostly used in the factor comparison method but it mostly adds more detail by breaking down the factors into sub factors for example, responsibility can be broken down into safety for others, equipment and materials, assisting trainees and product or service quality. Step 2 is the, determine the levels of factors stage. In this stage the amount of responsibility or any other factor like skill may vary from job to job. The point system actually creates different kinds of levels which are associated with each other. This level actually helps the HR analyst to reward different degrees of responsibility, skills and other critical factors. Step 3 is the, allocate points to the sub factor stage where the factors list down to one side. And the levels are placed across the top of the evaluation sheet; the result is a point system matrix. Starting with a level IV, the job evaluation committee subjectively assigns the maximum possible points to each sub factor. For example, if safety (75) is twice as important as assisting trainees (37), it gets twice as many points.

Responsibility for the Deaths of Romeo and Juliet in William Shakespear

Taking Responsibility for the Deaths of Romeo and Juliet in William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet, the star crossed lovers, the perfect sadly losing there lives for their great love of each other. The tragic death has many characters to blame, but it is impossible to pinpoint the full responsibility on one individual character. Many of the characters in 'Romeo and Juliet' blame each other, for example, the Prince blames the two families and feud for their deaths. He believes that if certain things were different than this whole mess would not have occurred. If this terrible feud were not occurring than there would have been no objection to Romeo and Juliet getting married. "Where be these enemies? Capulet, Montague, see what a scourge is laid apon your hate," ====================================================================== (Act5 Scene3 lines 291-292) (The Prince) The most obvious character to blame in 'Romeo and Juliet' is most probably Friar Lawrence, for it was him who invents the bizarre scheme that will bring them together. Romeo puts his faith and trust in the Friar and he treats him almost like his own father. The Friars character is a very selfish one. At first he shows care and concern for Romeo by not totally agreeing with Romeos actions and decisions, for Romeo was not long ago in love with Rosaline, "Young men's love, then, lies not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes." (Act2 Scene3 lines 67-68) (Friar Lawrence) But as time progresses his thoughts change and he agrees to marry Romeo and Juliet, His intentions were not for the best of Romeo and Juliet but to gain prais... ...s to dealing with situations she acts much more mature, and she plays things much more safely than him. Although her character is very open she, still make sure the decisions she makes in life are the right ones. When she was about to take the potion she thought of all the different scenarios and chose which one was best for her, this is the complete opposite to Romeo. One of the key issues of the play was FATE. . One of the key issues of the play was FATE. You could say all of the events had a certain path and that one thing lead to another. Overall every single character is somewhat involved in the deaths of the star-crossed lovers, and even though they did not kill them literally, they all contributed in leading them in that direction. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. "Romeo and Juliet" 1597. Clark and Wright

Racial Controversy Surrounding the Assassination of Martin Luther King,

The Racial Controversy Surrounding the Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. The impact of Martin Luther King, Jr. today is no doubt revered. He is commonly called the â€Å"Father of Civil Rights,† and is looked upon as a national icon, in an almost presidential-type light. His achievements have not only begat a national holiday for his birthday, but also helped lead to the creation of Black History Month. However, his accomplishments were not so regaled in his own time. In fact, most Caucasian Americans refused to even recognize any ban or barrier he and his cohorts attempted to change. African-Americans were just simply not respected by most whites in the 1950s and 1960s because they were considered â€Å"inferior.† This resonates with Baldwin’s opinions of whites’ refusals to accept that they may have made a mistake, and instead of taking responsibility for that mistake, they dump it on African-Americans and other races. A good example of this â€Å"dumping† of responsibilities occurred with the assass ination of King. It may be a possibility that the many different conspiracy theories that evolved after King’s assassination were created in a way to avoid Caucasians admitting that a single white person shot and killed the head of the Civil Rights Movement. Along with the many different conspiracy theories, there has been an uncovering of faults in the FBI’s investigation, some of which include not taking African-Americans’ eyewitness testimony seriously. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s first step into the world of civil rights occurred in Montgomery, Alabama, in December of 1951. After she refused to surrender her bus seat to a white passenger, Rosa Parks was arrested for violating the city’s segregation ... ... Luther King, Jr.: Conspiracy Theory #4†. Infoplease. 8 Apr. 2004 . Frank, Gerold. An American Death: The True Story of the Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Greatest Manhunt of Our Time. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1972. â€Å"King Report—Part 2†. U.S. Department of Justice. 8 Apr. 2004 . "Martin Luther King, Jr.". Encyclopedia Britannica. 2004. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 8 Apr. 2004. Library Gateway, Champaign-Urbana, Illinois. . Ripley, Anthony. â€Å"Funeral Is Ignored by Whites But Some Atlanta Stores Close.† New York Times 9 Apr. 1968: 1-2. ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times. Library Gateway, Champaign-Urbana, Illinois. 11 Apr. 2004 .

Explain the difference between rule

Explain the difference between rule, act and preference utilitarianism (25 marks) Utilitarianism is the ethical theory behind Justifying an action for being for the greater good. This is a teleological theory because it looks at the consequences of an action. Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory. There are three types of utilitarianism: Act, Rule and Preference. Jeremy Bentham began the Utilitarianism theory. Utilitarianism is a hedonistic theory because it is based on pleasure and happiness. Each utilitarian has a different theory of Utilitarianism and this will be explained in my essay.First there was Jeremy Bentham the one to think of the Utilitarianism theory. Bentham was an act Utilitarian. Bentham was interested in the principle of utility, this is the theory of usefulness that suggests that an action is right if it brings the greatest happiness for the greatest number. He developed his ethical system based on ancient hedonism, which perused physical pleasure and avoided physical pain. Bentham believed that a moral act is one that maximises pleasure and minimises pain. From this Jeremy Bentham invented something called the ‘hedonic calculus' this was his way of measuring the good and bad of an action.Bentham said: the principle of utility aims to promote happiness, which is the supreme ethical value†¦ An act is right if it delivers more pleasure than pain and wrong if it brings about more pain than pleasure. ‘ To help people choose what would have the best possible consequence, Bentham provided a way of measuring it. This is the ‘hedonic calculus'. There are seven elements: the intensity of the pleasure; the duration of the pleasure; the certainty of the pleasure; the remoteness of the pleasure; the chance of succession of pleasures; the purity of the pleasure and lastly he extent of the pleasure.Bentham invented this to help people weigh up and measure how much pleasure an action will produce. Bentham was interested in the à ¢â‚¬Ëœgreatest good for the greatest number' and therefore his theory is quantitative. Bentham's view is described as Act Utilitarianism. Act Utilitarianism is Eudemonistic because actions are based on the happiness it brings; Consequentialist because the consequences an action will bring about and also Act Utilitarianism is measurable (by the hedonic calculus) and also quantitative because its based on the ‘greatest umber'.Act Utilitarianism is teleological because it aims to maximise the pleasure of the majority and has an end aim. Act Utilitarianism is also relative due to the fact that there is no notion of absolute right or wrong. On the other hand, Stuart Mill didn't agree with Bentham's Act Utilitarianism. Mill stressed that happiness was more important than pleasure. Mill said: ‘The Greatest promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness'. Here Mill is suggesting that happiness is the importance when looking at a moral action. Something that Mill also criticised about Bentham's view was the quantitative emphasis.Mill thought that actions should be measured in a qualitative way instead of quantitative way. Mill was interested in the quality of the pleasure. Mill looked at intellectual pleasures such as reading poetry and not pleasures such as eating or having sex. To add, Mill thought about the difference between animal pleasure and human pleasure. He said: ‘ It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied†¦ ‘ Furthermore, Mill suggested that in order to derive the principle of the greatest appiness for the greatest number we should have a principle of universality.Mill believed that we need moral rules to produce social order and Justice these rules should be followed universally. Mill was therefore seen as a Rule Utilitarian. Rule Utilitarianism is Consequentialist as is Act Utilitarianism; Rule Utilitarianism is Universalistic and also qualitative. Rule Utilitarianism is deont ological due to the fact that rules take priority. It is also relative because actions are based on the maximisation of pleasure for a particular society where the rules are used.Contrasting to Act and Rule Utilitarianism there is Preference Utilitarianism; this is the most recent form of Utilitarianism. R. M. Hare, Peter Singer and Richard Brandt all have different views though they are all Preference Utilitarianists. Preference Utilitarian's Judge moral actions according to whether they fit in with the preferences of the individuals involved. R. M Hare's approach argues that when making the decision on whether an action is right or wrong we must consider our own preferences and those of others. Hare said: ‘equal preferences count equally, whatever their content'.One problem is that sometimes people's preferences may clash therefore Hare suggested that we should ‘stand in someone else's shoes' and try to imagine what they would prefer. Hare thinks that people should tre at other with impartiality and he argues for universalisability. Peter Singer was also a Preference Utilitarian though he suggests that we should take the viewpoint of an impartial spectator. Singer said: ‘our own preferences cannot count any more than the preferences of others' and so, in acting morally, we should take account of all the people affected by our actions.